Representing California is an odd pair. Pablo de la Guerra, California's Lt. Governor, and Thomas H. Williams, California's Attorney General. One a "Northern" Democrat, the other a "Southern" Democrat. De la Guerra, particularly, seems out of place, racially, both with the conference assembled and with the country as a whole. In speaking, de la Guerra's low voice and hint of his former Mexican accent denotes the California of his birth. Williams, originally of Kentucky, speaks with a southern drawl. The two whisper amongst themselves throughout the conference, mostly.
de la Guerra: I find that these issues of the tariff and of slavery are not unrelated. The tariff acts as a hidden incentive for slavery. The south, rich agriculturally, exports more than the north, and is burdened more harshly with the tariff than the northern states. Meanwhile, it sees little benefit from the tariff. Southern slaveholders are, therefore, incentivized to own more slaves and produce more, to guard against the tariff from digging too deep into their profit margins. And while the north benefits from canals and turnpikes subsidized by this tariff - due to the north's larger congressional delegations pulling federal money to them - the south sees no benefit at all, thus cementing slavery as the only viable economic option in the south. I would hope we could all see that the tariff, both by existing and its inequitable distribution among subject states, has cultivated slavery and, more than slavery itself, brought us to this lamentable situation. An agreement whereby the tariff was, regardless of its level, distributed equitably among the states in which it is collected, would do more to reduce the use of slavery - and bring it closer to its inevitable end - in our time than even Virginia's proposal of future emancipation.
Williams: I would add that the south's and north's concerns of the Fugitive Slave Law application is not irreconciable. A law mandating that the federal government will pursue all fugitive slaves, to the best of their abilities, will, I think, ensure that the south does not feel slighted by the north's moral quest, and the northern states will not feel obligated to enforce slavery within their borders.